Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
University of Anbar - College Of Medicine.
Abstract
Background: Primary maternal infection with toxoplasmosis during gestation and its transmission to the fetus continue to be the cause of tragic yet preventable disease in offspring. jective: This study was aimed to Comparison between efficiency of these two methods(nested PCR and IgG avidity test) in detection of acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women early in the first trimester is of utmost importance in order to offer them early therapy or other interventions to prevent congenital infection of fetuses. Methods: One hundred sixteen blood samples were collected from pregnant women at different ages, and in the first trimester of pregnancy. These women have history of habitual abortion, intrauterine fetal death and congenital anomalies of the fetus. Blood samples were tested for specific anti-Toxoplasma IgG avidity test and detection of B1 gene of T. gondii by nPCR. Results: In this study, it was found out that the rate of Toxoplasmosis by nested PCR 48 cases (41.4%),while by T. IgG avidity test was 76cases(65.5%) (high avidity 54.3% and low avidity11.2%). The detection rate by nested PCR was significantly higher than by T. IgG avidity test. Conclusion: PCR technique is more sensitive and specific than T.IgG avidity tests.
Keywords
Main Subjects
- Hooshyar, H.; Rostamkhani P.; Talari S. and Arbabi M, (2007). Toxoplasma gondiiInfection in Stray Cats. Iranian J. Parasitol., 2(1): 18-22.
- Hill, D. and Dubey J.P, (2002). Toxoplasma gondii: transmission, diagnosis and prevention.Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 8, 634-640.
- Asgari, Q.; Motazedian M. H.; Esmaeelzadeh B.; Kalantari, M. and Hatam, Gh. R. (2009). The Prevalence of Toxoplasma Infection among Free-Ranging Chickens in Southern Iran Using IFA and Nested-PCR. Iranian J. Parasitol., 4(4):29-36.
- Thiebaut, R., Leproust S., Chene G. & Gilbert R. , (2007). Effectiveness of prenatal treatment for congenital toxoplasmosis: a meta-analysis of individual patients’ data. SYROCOT (Systematic Review on Congenital.Toxoplasmagondii in pregnant women in Tunisia. Tunis Med.; 24: 85-87.
- Montoya, J . G., Liesenfeld O,(2004). Toxoplasmosis. Lancet. Jun 12; 363:1965-1976.
- Calderaro, S., Peruzzi G.,Piccolo C., Gorrini S., Montecchini S., Rossi C., Chezzi, and Dettori G., (2009),Laboratory diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection, 6(3):135-136.
- Chiabchalard, R.; Wiengcharoen J. T. and Sukthana Y, (2005). Sensitivity and specificity of polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA added to laboratory samples. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public health, 36(2): 408-411.
- Burg J.L, Grover CM, Pouletty P and Boothroyd J.(1989) Direct and sensitive detection of a pathogenic protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii, by polymerase chain reaction. J. Clin. Microbio.1792-1787:(8)27.
- Hafid ,J.; Tranmanh S. R.; Raberin H.; Akono Z. Y.; Pozzetto B. and Jana M, (1995). Detection of circulating antigens of Toxoplasma gondii in human infection .Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.; 52:336-339.
- Lee, P. Y. C, Mangan J, Holliman R.E, Butcher PD, (1999). Quantitation of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in a competitive nested polymerase chain reaction. J. Clin. Pathol., 52:61-64.
- Joseph, P.; Calderon M. M.; Gilman R. H.; Quispe M. L.; Cok, J.; Ticona, E.; Chavez, V, Jimenez, J. A.; Chang, M. C.; Lopez, M. J. and Evans, C. A, (2002). Optimization and evaluation of a PCR assay for detecting toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS. J. Clin.
- Hideto, Y., Akira N., Tomohiro Y., Yuka M., Takashi Y., Mayumi M., Shinya T and Jun N,(2011). Prospective Study of Congenital Toxoplasmosis Screening with Use of IgG Avidity and Multiplex Nested PCR Methods, J. Clin. Microbiol., 49(7):2552. DOI.
- Iqbal, J.I, Khalid N,(2007).Detection of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in early pregnancy by IgG avidity and PCR analysis,J Med Microbiol. Nov;56(Pt 11):1495-9.
- Strauss-Ayali D.; Jaffe V. L.; BurshtainO.; Gonen L.; Baneth G, (2004). Polymerase chain reaction using noninvasive obtained samples .J. Infect. Dis.; 189(9):1729-1733.
- Guy, E. C.; Joynsone D. H,(1995).Potential of the PCR in the diagnosis of active Toxoplasma infection by detection of parasite in blood. J. Infect. Dis.; 172: 319-322.
- Sotiriadou, I. and Karanis P,(2008). Evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in water samples and comparative findings by polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence test (IFT). Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 62: 357-365.
- Montoya, J.G and Remington J S,(2008). Management of Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy. Clinical practice.Cyto. Incl. Dis.; 47: 554-566.
- Emna S., Karim A., Mohammed K and Aida B. ,(2006).Difficulty in dating primary infections by Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women in Tunisia. Tunis Med,24,85-87.
- Foulon, W., Naessens A and Derde M, (1994). Evaluation of the possibilities for preventing congenital toxoplasmosis. Am J. Perinatol. 11:56-62 .
)
