Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Ministry of Education - General Directorate of Education in Anbar Governorate

Abstract

In this study, a mathematical equation was calculated for both the aerial and silica segments of the optical pathway emitted from the center of the fiber to calculate the neff refractive index of the photonic crystalline fiber envelope area by approximation of Silica Strand Model. In terms of the effective refractive index, the propagation properties of the photonic crystalline fibers with circular air gaps were calculated and controlled by controlling the main engineering parameters of the photonic crystalline spectrum, including: d, , Nr, MNr and d /  Aerobic gap rings, number of missing rings and air segment in order.
The results were comparable to published global research to study propagation characteristics, and zero dispersion to short wavelengths was obtained to obtain zero dispersion at desired wavelength instead of 1.155 and 1.300 in conventional optical fibers. This study could be generalized to photonic crystalline fibers of any shape and number Aerobic gaps, in addition to the possibility of studying these characteristics by replacing the air with any liquid or gas known refractive index

Main Subjects

1-J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and D.M. Atkin, “All-silica single-mode optical fiber with photonic crystal cladding,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1547 (1996)  .
2-Sandhir Ksingh ,Dharmendra Ksingh, Pmahto "Design and Analysis of a 2D- PCFstructure with Ultra-Flattened Dispersion and single modeOperation over a wide Range of wave length"Int.Jof Advanced Networking and Applications V:01,Issue:05 (2010).
3-J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, A. Ortigosa-Branch, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. St. J. Russell, “Anomalous dispersion in photonic crystal fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 807-809 (2000).
4-.K. Suzuki, H. Kubota, M. Tanaka, M. Fujita, and S. Kawanishi, “Optical properties of a low-loss polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Express 9, 676-680 (2001).
 5- Jay R. Unruh,1 E. Shane Price,1 Roque Gagliano Molla,2 Lisa Stehno-Bittel,3 Carey K.  Johnson,1 and Rongqing Hui2 " Two-photon microscopy with wavelength (2006).
6. Frazão, S.F.O.S.; Viegas, J.; Baptista, J.M.; Santos, J.L.; Kobelke, J.; Schuster, K. All Fiber Mach–Zehnder, Interferometer Based on Suspended Twin-Core Fiber. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2010, 22, 1300–1302.
7. Hou, M.;Wang, Y.; Liu, S.; Li, Z.; Lu, P. Multi-Components Interferometer Based on Partially Filled Dual-Core, Photonic Crystal Fiber for Temperature and Strain Sensing. IEEE Sens. J. 2016, 16, 6192–6196. [CrossRef]
8. Naeem, K.; Kim, B.H.; Kim, B.; Chung, Y. Simultaneous multi-parameter measurement using Sagnac loop hybrid interferometer based on a highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber with two asymmetric cores. Opt. Express 2015, 23, 3589–3601. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. Frazão, O.; Silva, R.M.; Kobelke, J.; Schuster, K. Temperature- and strain-independent torsion sensor using a fiber loop mirror based on suspended twin-core fiber. Opt. Lett. 2010, 35, 2777–2779. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
10- Ferrando A.,  Silvestre E., Miret J.J.,  Andres ., and  Andres M.V., “Full-vector analysis of  reastic photonic crystal fiber",Opt. let.,Vol.24,No.5:687-697.(1999).
11—Wong K. L.G., M.Sc. Thesis, University of Auckland (2003).
12-—Chen J. S. Y. ,'Optical  Parametric amplification in PCFs" ,M.Sc Thesis Department of Physics, University of Auckland,(2006).
13-Buck J.A., "Fundamental of Optical Fibers ,2ndEd. John Wiley &Sons.,Inc.,HobokenNewJersey .(2004).
14-Al-heety Mashaan A. M., Mathematical model for calculate propagation properties in Photonic Crystal Fiber design. Ph.D Thesis, university of Tikrit, (2012). 
15- Liu Zhao-lun,_ Hou Lan-tian, and Wang Wei "Tailoring   Nonlinearity and Dispersion of Photonic Crystal Fibers Using Hybrid Cladding" Brazilian Journal of Physics, vol. 39, no. 1, March,( 2009) .
16-Wadsworth W. J., Knight J. C., Blanch L. O., Mangan B. J., and P. St. Russell, "Soliton propagation at short wavelengths in photonic crystal fibers", Opt. Soc. Of Am. (1999).     
17-Agrawal G. P., Nanlinear Fiber Optics, Ed. San Diego CA:Academic. (1995).
18-Mortensen N. A., Folkenbery J. R., Nielsen M. D., and Hansen K. P., "Model cut off and the V parameter in photonic crystal fibers" ,Opt.Lett., Vol.28 No. 20 :1879-1881 .(2003).
19- Nielsen M. D., Folkenbery J. R.,and Mortensen N. A., "Single mode photonic crystal fiber with an effective area of 600 and low bending loss" .Technical University of Denemark ,Lynghy , Denemark :1-10.
20- Mortensen N. A., Opt .Exp .,10:341-348 (2002) .