Document Type : Research Paper
Author
Tikrit University – College of Education for Women
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of differencein prostate big size benign and prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations on some biochemical (Glucose , Cholesterol , Acid Phosphatase) and hormones(ACTH , Estrogen , Testosterone ) in the men patients having prostatic hyperplasia and compared with healthy men. The study was carried for 60 patients males infected by the prostatic hyperplasia and 40 healthy males, there ages were ranged between (47 – 90 years). The results show that high significant increased (P ≤0.05) in all patients categories(20 – 40 mm3), (41 – 60) ,( 61 – and more) mm3 of prostatic with BPH in the(Glucose, Cholesterol, Acid Phosphatase ACTH and estrogen) compared with a healthy men. There is significant (P ≤0.05) increased in the patients prostate size category of (61 – more mm3) compared with the otherpatients categories(20 – 40 mm3), (41 – 60 mm3) in the (Glucose , Acid Phosphatase , ACTH and estrogen) parameters , while the healthy men was increased significant (P ≤0.05) in the testosterone compared with all patients prostate size categories. On the other hand the all categories for the PSA concentrations (0-3.5) , (3.6-7.0), (7.1 and more) ng/ml are increase significant (P ≤0.05) in prostatic patients compared with healthy men in the components (Glucose , Cholesterol , Acid Phosphatase ACTH) and significant increase (P ≤0.05) in healthy testosterone compared with all PSA categories of prostatic patients. The high PSA category (7.1 and more)ng/ml gives the high concentrations in (Glucose, Cholesterol, Acid Phosphatase ACTH) and a significant effect (P ≤0.05) between the the patients categories
Keywords
- Physiological Influence
- Prostate size
- PSA
- Hormones
- Biochemical Compounds
- males
- Salah Alden Governorate
Main Subjects
1- Zaviačič, M.; Zajíčková, M ; Blažeková, J. ; Donárová, L. ; Stvrtina, S. ; Mikulecký, M. ; Zaviačič, T. ; Holomáň, K. and Breza, J. (2000). Weight, Size, Macroanatomy, and Histology of the Normal Prostate in the Adult Human Female: A Minireview. Journal Journal of Histotechnology. 23:61-69.
2- Ansari, M.; Begum, D. and Islam, F. (2008). Serum sex steroids, gonadotrophins and sex hormone-binding globulin in prostatic hyperplasia . Ann. Saudi Med., 28 (3): 174–8.
3- Matthew, K.H. H. ; Henry, H.I. Y. ; Kathryn, R. ; Benjamin, N. ; John, P. ; Justin, S. P. ; Christopher, M. H. and Niall, M. C.. (2012 ). Prostate weight is the preferred measure of prostate size in radical rostatectomy cohorts.BJU interrnational , 109(3): 57-63.
4- Lundwall A & Lilja H 1987 Molecular cloning of human prostate specific antigen cDNA. FEBS Letters 214 317.
5- Hara, M. ; Koyanagi, Y. ; Inoue, T. and Fukuyama, T. (1971). Some physico-chemical characteristics of gamma seminoprotein, an antigenic component specific for human seminal plasma. Nippon Hoigaku Zasshi, 25 322–324.
6- Wang, M.C. ; Valenzuela, L.A. ; Murphy , G.P. and Chu, T.M. (1979) . Purification of a human prostate specific antigen. Investigative Urology 17: 159–163.
7- Sensabaugh, G.H. (1978). Isolation and characterisation of a semenspecific protein from human seminal plasma: a potential new marker for serum identification. Journal of Forensic Science 23 :106–115.
8- Frazier, H. A. ; Humphrey, P. A. ; Burchette, J. L. and Paulson, D. F. (1992). Immunoreactive prostatic specific antigen in male periurethral glands. Journal of Urology. 147 : 246–248.
9- Takayama, T.K. ; Vessela, R.L. ; Brawer, M. K. ; True, L.D. ; Noteboom, J. and Lange, P. H. (1994). Urinary PSA levels after radical prostatectomy. Journal of Urology 151 : 82–87.
10- Schellhammer, P. and Wright, G. J. (1993). Biomolecular and clinical characteristics of PSA and other candidate prostate tumour markers. Urology Clinics of North America 20 :597–606.
11- Edström, A.M. ; Malm, J. ; Frohm, B. ; Martellini, J.A. ; Giwercman, A. ; M. Mörgelin, ; Cole, A.M. and Sørensen, O.E. (2008). The major bactericidal activity of human seminal plasma is zinc-dependent and derived from fragmentation of the semenogelins J. Immunol., 181 : 3413–3421.
12- Stenman, U. H. ; Leinonen, J. ; Alfthan, H. ; Rannikko, S. ; Tuhkanen, K. and Alfthan, O. (1991). A complex between prostate specific antigen and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin is the major form of prostate specific antigen in serum of patients with prostatic cancer. Assay of the complex improves clinical sensitivity for cancer. CancerResearch 51: 222–226.
13- Hunter, C. and Zamiara, P. (2013). The role of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in screening for prostate cancer. UWOMJ 82:1: 17-18.
14- Maduka1, I. C. ; Neboh2, E. E. and Ufelle, S. A. (2015). The relationship between serum cortisol, adrenaline, blood glucose and lipid profile of undergraduate students under examination stress. African Health Sciences 15:131-136.
15- Hammarsten, J.; Hogstedt, B. Hyperinsulinaemia as a risk factor for developing benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur. Urol. 39, 151–158.
16- Xiaobing, Q. ; Zhichao, H. ; Xianqin, M. ; Xiangyu, Z. ; Lini, D. and Xiaokun, Z. (2014). Prostate volume correlates with diabetes in elderly benign prostatic hyperplasia patients. International Urology and Nephrology 46: 499–504.
17- Peter, Sidaway (2015) . Cholesterol level correlates with PSA level in white but not black men. Nature. Reviews Urology. 12:594.
18- Yat-Ching, T. (2011). The role of cholesterol in prostatic diseases. Urological Science 22 :97-102.
19- Sridevi, N. M.D. (2013). Comparative Study of Prostatic Diseases BPH and prostatic cancer by estimating serum PAP and total PSA levels. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN: 2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676. Volume 8, Issue 6, : 44-47 .
20- Anusha, A.M. ; Ranjith, S. and Annamala, P.T. (2015). Correlation between prostate specific antigen and acid phosphatase with histopathological findings in various prostatic pathologies. SSRG International Journal of Medical Science (SSRG-IJMS) – volume 2 Issue 6:1-6 .
21- Mathur, R.P. ; Nayak, S. ; Sivaramakrishnan, R. ; Jain, V. (2014). Role of alpha blockers in hypertension with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India. 62 : 40-44.
22- Sanchez, P. ; Torres, J.M. ; Castro , B. ; Olmo , A. ; del Moral, R.G. and Ortega, E. (2013). Expression of steroid 5a-reductase isozymes in prostate of adult rats after environmental stress. FEBS Journal 280 : 93–101.
23- Jin, B. ; Turner, L. ; walters, w. A. and Handelsman, D. J. (1996). The effects of chronic high dose androgen or estrogen treatment on the human prostate. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81, 4290–4295 .
24- Ho, C. K. M. and Habib, F. K.(2011). Estrogen and androgen signaling in the pathogenesis of BPH. Nat. Rev. Urol. 8, 29–41:10.1038.
25- Harman, SM. ; Metter, EJ. ; Tobin, JD. ; Pearson, J. ; Blackman. MR, et al. (2001). Longitudinal effects of aging on serum total and free testosterone levels in healthy men. Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 86: 724–731.
26- Carson, C. and Rittmaster, R. (2003). The role of dihydrotestosterone in benign prostatic hyperplasia. UROLOGY 61 (Supplement 4A): 2-7.
27- Kaplan, SA. ; Roehrborn, CG. ; McConnell, JD. ; Meehan, AG. ; Surynawanshi, S. ; et al. (2008). Long‑term treatment with finasteride results in a clinically significant reduction in total prostate volume compared to placebo over the full range of baseline prostate sizes in men enrolled in the MTOPS trial. J. Urol. 180: 1030–2.
28- Long, XJ. ; Lin, S. ; Sun, Y. N. and Zheng, Z. F.(2012). Diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer risk in Asian countries: a meta-analysis. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 13(8):4097-4100.
29- Sharma, N. ; Sood, S. ; Kaushik, G. G. ; Ali, Z. (2013). Risk of prostate cancer and its correlation with different biochemical parameters in non diabetic men. Int J Res Med Sci. 1(4):476-481.
30- Lekili, M. ; Muezzinoglu, T. ; Uyanik, B. S. and Buyuksu, C. (2006). Serum lipid levels in benign prostatic hyperplasia. World J. Urol. 24: 210-3.
31- Nandeesha, H. ; Koner, B. C. ; Dorairajan, L. N. and Sen, S. K. (2006). Hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia in non-diabetic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Clin Chim Acta 370: 89-93.
32- Gökce, A. ; Yalcinkaya, F. R. ; Davarci, M. and Baibay, M. D. (2010). The relationship between serum lipid levels and benign prostatic hyperplasia. The New Journal of Medicine 27: 148-150.
33- Anusha, A.M. 1. ; Ranjith, S. and Annamala, P.T. (2015). Correlation between Prostate Specific antigen and acid phosphatase with histopathological findings in various prostatic pathologies. International Journal of Medical Science 2 (6) :1-6.
34- Igwe, C.U. 1. ; Ikaraoha, C.I. ; Ogunlewe, J.O. ; Nwobu, G.O. ; Duru, L.A.D. and Mokogwu, A.T.H. (2004). The Study Of Serum Prostate Specific Antigen And Phosphatase Isoenzymes Activity As Diagnostic Parameters In Patients With Prostate Cancer In Nigeria. OJHAS: Vol. 3, Issue 3: 1-6.
35- Locke, JA. ; et al. (2009). A novel communication role for CYP17A1 in the progression of castrationresistantm prostate cancer. Prostate. 2009; 69:928–937. [PubMed: 19267349].
36- Nacusi, L. P. and Tindall, D. J. (2011). Targeting 5α-reductase for prostate cancer prevention and treatment. Nat Rev Urol. ; 8(7): 378–384.
37- Sigurdardottir, L. G. (2015). The role of circadian disruption in prostate cancer development. Doctoral committee:Unnur A. Valdimarsdóttir, Lorelei A. Mucci,Katja Fall, Eirikur Jonsson and Vilmundur Gudnason . University of Iceland.
38- Zeng, Q. ; Xu, C. ; Liu, Z. ; Wang, H. ; Yang, B. ; Xu , W. ; Jin, T. ; Wu, C. ; Huang, G. ; Li, Z. ; Wang, B. and Sun, Y.(2012). Relationship between serum sex hormones levels and degree of benign prostate hyperplasia in Chinese aging Men. Asian Journal of Andrology. 14: 773–777.
39- Budak, Y. ; Huysal, K. ; Karadağ, E. ; Demirci, H. ; Güzelsoy, M. and Coban, S. (2016). Associations between sex hormones and lower urinary tract symptoms in middle-aged men. Turk J. Endocrinol. Metab. 20:123-126.
40- Nakhla, A. M. ; Romas, N. A. and Rosner, W. (1997). Estradiol activates the prostate androgen receptor and prostate specific antigen secretion through the intermediacy of sex hormone-binding globulin. The Journal of biological chemistry. 272 (11) : 6838–6841.
41- Collins, A.T. ; Zhiming, B. ; Gilmore, K. and Neal, D.E.(1996). Androgen and oestrogen responsiveness of stromal cells derived from the human hyperplastic prostate: oestrogen regulation of the androgen receptor. J. Endocrinol. 143:269-77.
42- Mustafa, M. ; Çelik2, M. ; Horsanli, O. ; Horuz1, R. and Küçükcan, A.(2011). Relationship between serum PSA and testosterone levels in two different geographic regions of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Urology 37(1):9-13.
43- Reis, L. O. ; Denardi,F. ; Faria, E. F. and Silva, E. D.(2014). Correlation Between Testosterone and PSA kinetics in metastatic prostate cancer patients treated with diverse chemical castrations. American Journal of Men’s Health. Vol. 9(5): 430–434.
44- Gray, A. ; Feldman, H.A. ; McKinlay, J.B. and Longcope, C. (1991). Age, disease, and changing sex hormone levels in middle-aging men: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 73: 1016–25.
)
