(1)-Babier O., Jacquillet G., tauc M., Cougnon M. (2005). Effect of heavy metals on, and Handling by, the kidney. Nephron physiology; 99:P105.
(2)-Pirkle J.L., Kaufmann R.B., Brody D.J., Hickman T., Gunter E.W., Paschal D.C. (1998) .Exposure of the U.S. population to lead, 1991-1994. Environ Health Perspect; 106:745-750.
(3)- Mielke H.W. (1999).Lead in the inner cities. Am Sci. 87:62-73.
(4)-Finkelstein Y, Markowitz M.E., Rosen J.F. (1998). Low-level lead-induced neurotoxicity in children: an update on central nervous system effects. Brain Res Brain Rev .27:168-176.
(5)- Pounds J.G., Cory-Slechta D.A. (1993).New dimensions of lead neurotoxicity: redefining mechanisms and effects. Neurotoxicology 14:4-6.
(6)- Ronis M.J.J., Badger T.M., Shema S.J., Robertson P.K., Templer L., Ringer D., Thomas P.K. (1998). Endocrine mechanisms underlying the growth effects of developmental lead exposure in the rat. Toxicol Environ Health 54:101-120.
(7)-Sokol R.Z. (1997). The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis as atarget for toxicants. In: Comprehensive Toxicology (Boekelheide K, Chapin R, eds). Oxford, England: Elsevier Science Ltd; 87-98.
(8)- Apostoli P, Kiss P, Porru S, Bondle JP, Vanhoorne M. (1998). Male reproductive toxicity of lead in animals and humans. ASCLEPIOS Study Group. Occup Environ Med 55:364-374.
(9)- Benoff S., Jacob A., Hurley I.R. (2000). Male infertility and invironmental exposure to lead and cadmium. Hum Reprod 6:107-121.
(10)- Moorman W.J., Skaggs SR, Clark J.C., Turner T.W., Sharpnack D.D., Murrell J.A., Simon S.D., Chapin R.E., Schrader S.M. (1998). Male reproductive effects of lead, including species extrapolation for the rabbit model. Reprod Toxicol 12:333-346.
(11)- Telisman S., Cvitkovic P., Jurasovic J., Pizent A., Gavella M., Rocic B. (2000). Semen quality and reproductive endocrine function in relation to biomarkers of lead, cadmium, zinc, and copper in men. Environ Health Perspect 108:45-53.
(12)- Ronis MJJ, Gandy J, Badger T. (1998). Endocrine mechanisms underlying reproductive toxicity in the developing rat chronically exposed to dietary lead. J. Toxicol. Environ Health 54:77-99.
(13)- Todd A.C., Wetmur H.G., Moline J.M., Godbol J.H., Levin S.M., Landrigan P.J. (1996). Unraveling the chronic toxicity of lead: an essential priority for environment health. Environ Health Perspect 104:141-146.
(14)- Sokol R.Z., Berman N., Okuda H., Raum W. (1998). Effects of lead exposure on GnRH and LH secretion in male rats: response to castration and -methyl--tyrosine (AMPT) challenge. Reprod Toxicol 12:347-355.
(15)-Hotz P, Mujyabwami F ,ReolsH ,Bernard AM ,Lauwerys RR.(1996) .Effect of oral protien load on urinary protein excretion in workers exposed to cadmium and lead .Am J Ind Med.29(2):195-200
(16)-Restek-samarzija N Momcilovic B, Turk R, Samarzija M. (1997). contribution of lead poisoning to renal impairment. Arh Hig rada Toksikol; 48 (4) 355-364.
(17)-Restek-samarzija N, Momcilovic B,Trosic I, Piasek M, Samazija M.(1996).Chronic lead poisoning, renal function and immune response.Arh Hig rada Toksikol;47(1):1-8
(18)-Eric P.widmaier, Hershel Raff &Kevin T.strang.(2004).Human physiology.9 th edition.ISBN0-07-288074-0P.
(19)-Arthur C.Guyton and John E.Hall. (2006).Medical physiology.eleventh edition.Elsvier Saunders P: 382.
(20)-Khalil-Manesh F, Gonick HC, Cohen AH, Alinovi R, Bergamaschi E, Mutti A, Rosen VJ. (1992). Experimental model of lead nephropathy. I. Continuous high-dose lead administration. Kidney Int .41(5): 1192-1203
(21)-Ekong E.B., Jaar B.G., Weaver V.M. (2006).Lead-related nephrotoxicity: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Kidney Int; 70: 2074–2084.
(22)-Hernandez-Serrato M.I., Fortoul T.I., Rojas-Martinez R., Mendoza-Alvarado L.R., Canales-Trevino L., Bochichio-Riccardelli T., Avila-Costa M.R., Olaiz-Fernandez G. (2006).Lead blood concentrations and renal function evaluation: study in an exposed Mexican population. Environ Res; 100: 227–231.
(23)-Munter P., He J., Vupputuri S., Coresh J., Batuman V. (2003) .Blood lead and chronic kidney disease in the general United States population: results from NHANES III. Kidney Int; 63: 1044–1050.
(24)-Yu C.C., Lin J.L., Lin-tan D.T. (2004). Environmental exposure to lead and progression of chronic renal diseases: a four-year prospective longitudinal study. J Am Soc Nephrol; 15: 1016–1022.
(25)-Khalil-Manesh F., Gonick H .C, Cohen A., Bergamaschi E., Mutti A. (1992).Experimental model of lead nephropathy. Effect of removal from lead exposure and chelation treatment with dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). Environ Res; 58: 35–54,
(26)-Khalil-Manesh F., Gonick H.C., Cohen A. (1993). Experimental model of lead nephropathy. III. Continuous low-dose lead administration. Arch Environ Health; 48: 271–278, (27)- Schraishuhn J., Kaufer-Weiss I., Weiss E. (1992). Light and electron subtoxic lead levels. Berl Munch Tieraztl Wochenschr; 105: 290-293.
(28)-Abd El Rahiem A., Ashour, Maged M., Yassin, Nahed M., Abu aasi, Rokaya M. Ali. (2007). Blood, Serum Glucose and Renal Parameters in Lead-Loaded Albino Rats and Treatment with Some Chelating Agents and Natural Oils. Turk J Biol.P:25
(29)- Ghorbe F., Boujelbene M., Makni-Ayadi F. (2001). Effect of chronic Lead exposure on kidney function in male and female rats, determination of lead exposure biomarker. Arch Physiol Biochem.109: 457-463.
(30)- El-Ashmawy I.M., El-Nahas A.F., Salama O.M. (2005). Protective effect of volatile oil, alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Origanum majoranaon lead acetate toxicity in mice. BasicClin. Pharmacol Toxicol .97:238-243.
)
