2. Wilson, Higginbottom. Periodontal diseases and dental implants in older adults. J Esthet Dent 1998;10(5):265:71.
3. Influences of smoking on the periodontium and dental implants. Dent Update 1997 Oct; 24(8)328-30.
4. Sennerby, Roos. Surgical determinants of clinical success of osseointegrated oral implants: a review of the literature. Int J. Proshtodont 1998 Sept-Oct; 11(5):408-20.
5. Oral effects of tobacco abuse. © The Maxillofacial Center for Diagnostic & Research. Tobacco Effects.HTML
6. Bergstrom J, Senkel H. Influence of smoking on gingival bleeding in periodontal patients. J Dent Res 1988; 67:687.
7. Tonetti. Cigarette smoking and periodontal diseases: etiology and management of disease. Ann Periodontol 1998 Jul;3(1):88-101.
8. Smoking and implant failure—benefits of a smoking cessation protocol. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1996 Nov-Dec;11(6):756-9.
9. Swango PA, Kleinman DV. The effect of tobacco use on oral mucosal pathologies. Abst #47, Amer Assoc Pub Health Dent Ann Meeting, Boston, Mass, October 12, 1990.
10. Clark NG, Carey SE. Etiology of chronic periodontal disease: an alternative perspective. 1989.
11. A prospective 15-year follow-up study of mandibular fixed prostheses supported by osseointegrated implants. Clinical results and marginal bone loss [published erratum appears in Clin Oral Implants Res 1997 Aug;3(4):342] Clin Oral Implants Res 1996 Dec;7(4):329-36.
12. Searle, S. R., G. Casella, and C. E. McCulloch (1992). Variance Components, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
13. Schroeder KL, Rosen S, Ramamurthy NS, Strayer M. Root caries, associated microflora and collagenase from smokeless tobacco users. J Dent Res 1989; 68:390.
14. Asmussen E, Hansen EK. Surface discoloration of restorative resins in relation to surface softening and oral hygiene. Scan J Dent Res 1986; 94: 174-177.