Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Life Sciences - College of Education - University of Anbar

2 Department of Biology - College of Science - University of Anbar

Abstract

The activity of two bacteria isolates Pseudomonas aureofaiciens &
Pseudomonas putida in improving some specific and quantitative characters of
Sorghum biocolor and protecting the plant from infection with the fungus Rhizoctonia
solani was studied. Complete Randomized Design with three replicates was used in this
experiment. The results showed significant higher values of treatments with bacterial
isolates in growth percentage, leaf area, height of plant, chlorophyll content and dry
weight of shoots. The results also showed significant differences in levels of nitrogen and
phosphorus in shoot weight of plant for all treatments which treated with bacterial
vaccines. The isolates also improved the studied characters of plants cultured in soil
contaminated with Rhizoctonia solani and significantly inhibited the effect of plant
pathogen. We concluded from this research it can use bacterial vaccines as new
biological technique in improving Agricultural production as Biofertilizers and
Biocontrol to inhibit fungi growth on crops.

Keywords

Main Subjects

1- F.A.O. (2000) Fertilizer and their use, Pocket guide for extension, officers, 5 ed. Rome, 40 U.N.                                                         
2-عبد الله، تاج الدین السر (1998). دراسة حول التقنیات الحدیثة فی العالم فی مجال المخصبات الحیویة وإمکانیة تطبیقها فی الدول العربیة. المنظمة العربیة للتنمیة الزراعیة. الخرطوم.
3-الرجب، أشواق طالب حمید (2005).  عزل بکتیریا Pseudomonas aureofaiciens & Pseudomonas chlororaphis من الترب الرسوبیة فی محافظة الانبار وتقییم کفاءةPseudomonas aureofaiciens   مخصبا ومبیدا حیویا، رسالة ماجستیر، کلیة العلوم، جامعة الانبار.
4- Subba-Rao, N.S. (1974). Prospect of bacteria fertilization in India.  Fertile. News, 19: 32-36                                                  
5- Hossain M. (1987). The antagonistic effect of fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. on plant growth and the control of soft rot and black leg of potato. Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, Martinus Nijhoff Pub. U.S.A.          
 6- Smith K.P. & Goodman, R.M. (1999). Host variation for interaction with beneficial plant associated microbs. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 378: 473-491      
7-الدلیمی، إسماعیل عباس جدیع (2000). تقییم کفاءة البکتیریا فی استحثاث مقاومة جهازیه فی نبات الخیار ضد الفطرین   Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) و Pseodoperono cubeusi (Berk & Curt)، أطروحة دکتوراه، کلیة الزراعة، جامعة بغداد.
8 -العامری، محمد فرحان (2003). عزل بکتیریا Pseudomonas putida وتقییم کفاءتها فی المقاومة الحیویة. أطروحة دکتوراه، کلیة العلوم، جامعة الانبار.
9- Plank, C.O. (1992). Plant analysis references for the southern region, U.S.A. the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station. GA.    
10- Amer, G.A. and Utkheed, R.S. (2000). Development of formulations of biological agent for management of root rot of lettuce and cucumber. Can. J. Microbio. 46: 809-816                                     
11- Black, C.A. (1965). Methods of soil analysis, Chemical and Biological Properties. Am. Soc. Agron. Inc. Publisher Madison, Wisconsin, USA.         
12- Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., and Keeny, D.R. (1982). Methods of    soil analysis, part 2, 2nd ed. Madison, Wisconsin, USA, p 1159.    
13- Glick, B.R., Penrose, D.M. and Li, J.A. (1997). A model for the lowering plant ethylene concentration by plant growth promoting bacteria. J. Theor. Biol. 190: 63-68                                                       
14-الهیتی، أیاد عبد، ومحمد عامر فیاض وعلی سالم ألغالبی (1996). تطبیق تقنیة التلقیح البکتیری بالـ Pseudomonas fluorescence على نبات الرز وتأثیرها على القدرة الإنتاجیة. مجلة إباء للأبحاث الزراعیة، مجلد 6، ص 83-71
15- Vidhyasekaran, P. and Muthammilan, M. (1995). Development of formulation of Pseudomonas fluoresencs for control of chickpea with plant disease. Biol. 79: (8), 782-786.                                                   
16- Deweger, L.L.A., Jann, K., and Lugtenberg,  (1987). Lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas sp. Yjat Stimulate Plant Growth Composition and Testing for Strain Identification. J. Bact. 1669: 1441-1446                                          
17- Newman, M.A., Dow, J.M., and Daniels, M.J. (2001). Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and plant pathogen interaction. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 107: 95-102.                                                                                        
18- Benani, F., Bassis, E., Benohabane, M. and Digat, B. (1994). Growth promoting and Biocontrol of Verticillium daliae of tomato with Pseudomonas sp. Fifth Arab congress of Plant Protection, 27th Nov- 2nd Dec.     
   19- Nowak, B., Gould, S. J., Krans, J. and Loper, J. E. (1994). Protection of 2, 4-APAG by the Biocontrol against Pseudomonas fluorescens pf-5. Can. Microbiol. 40: 1066-1068.                               
20 – الجنابی، حمدی عبدا لله نایف (2001). عزل وتشخیص البکتریا المذیبة للفوسفات فی ترب محافظة الانبار ودراسة کفاءتها، رسالة ماجستیر، کلیة العلوم، جامعة الانبار.
21- Kloepper, J.W., Mclnory, J.A. and Bowen, K.I. (1992). Comparative identification by fatty acid analysis of soil rizosphere and geocarposphere bacteria of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Plant Soil, 139: 85-90                    
22-النعیمی، عبد الکریم سلمان حسن (1989). المقاومٍة الحیاتیة لمرض الذبول الفیوزارمی فی الطماطة والفلفل. رسالة ماجستیر، کلیة العلوم، جامعة صلاح الدین، اربیل، العراق.
23- Lifshiz, R., Kloepper, J.W., Scher, F.M., Tipping, E.M. and Laliberte, M. (1986). Nitrogen fixing Pseudomonas sp. Isolated from root of plant growth in Canadian high arctic. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.. 51: 2551-2555  
24- Liang, G.H.; Chu, C.C.; Reddy, N.S.; Lin, S.S. and Dayton, A.D. (1973). Leaf, blade areas of grain sorghum varieties and hybrid. Agron. J., 65: 456-459
25- Cowan, S.T. (1977). Cowan and Steels manual for the identification medical bacteria 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.