Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Anbar University - College of Science

10.37652/juaps.2009.15626

Abstract

This study was carried out to test the resistant of three different plastics towards
biodegradation. Thes plastics are polyvinyl chloride( PVC) and low density polyethylene ( LDPE )
which are used currently in the insulation of cables, and the resin of polyester ( UPE ) Three different
types of bacteria ( Staphylococcus , Pseudo aeraginosa Escheriohia coil )were planted on plastics in
different soils of Anbar (Saqlawiyeh , ramadi , Qaeim ) . The biodegradation was followed via the
decreace in the overall weight and the molecular weight due to the chains scision and the shift in the
functional groups using ( FT– IR) and( I.R, UV), and the depression in the viscosities . Microscope was
also use to follow the surface corrosion . The result obtaind indicate that the pvc give the highest
resistant tawards biodegradation , and the resistant of the three plastics follow the sequencep;- ( PVC >
UPE > PE) .The nature of the soil had also not played a role in the stability of the plastics useds in this
research.

Keywords

Main Subjects

1- Andersen .T.A ,Tsao.R and Coats.J.R, journal of Environmental Polymrs Degradation, 1, 301 , 1993.
2- ASTM G 22-76 Stander practice for Determining Resistance of Plastic to Bacteria 1996 .
3 – Catia, Bastioli Hand book of Biodegradabl, chapter (1) page (1 - 2) rapra teches technology UK, 2005.
4 – Andray .A.L, Journal of Macromolecula Science,c,34,25. 1994.
5-Tilstra.l.and Johnsabaugh.D, Journal of Environmenta polymer Degradation (1) , 147 , 1993 .
6–Josem.Camgemi, Salvador Claro Neto. Gibertoo. chieric polymers ciencia Technologic,vol 16, 2 , p 129 -135 2006.
7 – Whitrey .P.J , Swaffield and Graffen,A,J, Inter Biodeterioration and national Biodegradation, 31 174, 1993
8 – Mayer, J.M, and Kapla, D.L, in Biodegradable polymers and Packagis Technomic publishing co, inc, Lancaster p 233 PA ,USA. 1993
9 – Josem. Camgemi, Antonia9,M , dos Santos, Salvador.C Neto , Polymer Institute technology vol 18 , 3 , p 201 – 206 , 2008
10-Chin-San W. Improving polylactide/starch biocomposites by grafting polylactide with acrylic acid: Characterization and biodegradability
 Macromol Biosci;5: 352 e 61. 2005
11 – Asha. V. Yabannavar Applied and Eviromental copy. American Socity for Microbilogy , 14, p 3608, oct,
12 – Honda & Osawa,K.E. Conda.H.P, Hydrobiologia.1, 173 , 426 , 2000
13– Abou- Zeid .D.M, Anaerobic Biodegradaion of Natural and Synthetic polymers Ph.D Universital Technology Carolo 2001.
 14- Abou-Zeid. D. M , Anaerobic Biodegradation of Natural and synthetic polyester- Germany Ph.D. 2000.
15 – Wool.R,P, Raghavan.D. Wangner,G,C, Journal of Applied Polymer,Science, 8 , 77 , 160 , 2000
16 – Miles . R .A .and W . J Doucetts Chemosphere, 697 , 45, 1085 , 2001
17 – Corneal .A , Kaplar.M.R. Biodegradation of photo-oxidation Polyalkylenes. J. Appl.Polym . Sci , 29 , 2581 , 97 , 1984.
18 – Cangemi , J . M . Santo A.m and claro Neto S – Quimica Nova na Escola. 22, p , 17 , 2005
19 - El-Sayed, A. H. M. M.; Mahmoud, W. M.; Davis, E. M. & Coughlin, R. W. - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 37, p.69 (1996).
20- Kim, Y. D. & Kim,S. C.Polymer Degradation and Sta­bility 62, p.343 (1997).
21- Akutsu, Y.; Nakajima-Kambe, T.; Nomura, N. & Nakahara, T. - Applied and
 Environmental Microbiology, 64, p.62 (1998)
22- Howard, G. T. & Blake, R. C. - International Biodeteriora­tion & Biodegradation, 42, p.213 (1998).
23 – ASTM practice forout door Weathering ofplastic.D- 1346-75.annul book of standards.American Societes for testing 1976.
24 – ASTM for tensile properties of Thin plastic sheeting D 882-83. Annul book of testing material Philadelphia 1983.
25 - Itavaara M, Karjomaa S, Selin JF. Biodegradation of polylactide in aerobic and anaerobic thermophilic conditions. Chemosphere 2002;46:879e85.
26 -Pagga U, Beimborn DB. Biodegradability and compostability of polymers test methods and criteria for evaluation. J Environ Polym Degradation ;4 : 173 e7 . 1996
27 - Zhang Jian-Feng, Sun Xiuzhi. Mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/ starch composites compatibilised by maleic anhydride. Biomacromolecules;5: 1446 e51 . 2004.
28 - Starnecker A, Menner M. Assessment of biodegradability of plastics under simulated composting conditions in a laboratory test system. Int Biodeterior and Biodegrad ; 37:85 e92 . 1996.
29 - Nakajima-Kambe, T.; Onuma, F.; Akutsu, Y. & Nakahara, T. - Journal of  Fermentation and Bioengineering, 83 , p. 456 1997.
30– Chierice.G.O &Claro Neto Agronegocio Mamona no Brasil, Azevedo.D.M.P,lima E.F(ed) Embrapa,Brasilic 2001.