Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Anbar University - College of Science

10.37652/juaps.2008.15635

Abstract

Two local Streptomyces (Streptomyces O3 & Streptomyces TS36 ) was used
in this study. The isolate Str. O3 has been isolated from one of Ramadi city soil,
the isolate has been selected based on it's ability of producing cellulase through
it's ability of digesting sawdust as culture medium to test inhibition activity
against some pathogenic bacteria. The isolate Stre.TS36 prediagnosed in college
of science-University of Al-Anbar has also been used. The isolate Str.O3 was
described phenotypically and physiologically by many cultures media, also has
been diagnosed by different temperatures, and it's ability of growth in different
salt concentrations and different pH was also tested, in which selected optimum
conditions to producing inhibition activity against tested pathogenic bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus& E. coli..
Result showed the ability of the two selected streptomyces used in studying it's
utilization of sawdust as a carbon source for growth and production of inhibition
activity against pathogenic bacteria, in which the solid culture and liquid culture
methods were used to grow the two local isolates to produce the inhibition
activity in presence of sawdust, both isolates were able to produce the inhibition
activity in both solid and liquid cultures, the isolates Str.O3 and Str.TS36 were
able to produce inhibition activity in test cultures 2,3 and 4 containing 0.3, 0.7
and 1.5 g/ml of sawdust respectively against Staphylococcus aureus similar to or
little better than control culture that does not contain sawdust, also the isolates
Str.O3 was able of producing inhibition activity in the same previous test cultures
against E. coli, the isolate Str. O3 showed high stability in high temperature in
which it was able to grow and produce inhibition activity in temperature 40C0
comparing with isolate Str.TS36 that was able to grow and produce inhibition
activity in 28 C0.

 
[1] Goodfellow, M. and Cross, T. (1984). Classification. In:(Goodfellow, M.;Mordarski, M. and Williams, S. T. eds). The biology of the actinomycetes. Academic press, London. Pp.7-163.
[2] Locci, R. (1989). Streptomycetes and related genera. In: (Williams, S. T.; Sharpe, M. E. and Holt, J. G. eds.) Bergy's manual of systematic bacteriology. Williamsand Wilkins Co., Baltimore.4:2451-2508.
 [3] Semeˆdo, L. T. A. S., Linhares, A. A., Gomes, R. C., Manfio, G. P., Alviano, C. S., Linhares, L. F. and Coelho, R. R. R. (2001). Isolation and characterization of actinomycetes from Brazilian tropical soils. Microbiol Res 155: 291–299.
[4] Williams, S. T.; Lanning,S. and Wellington E.M.(1983). Ecology of Actinomycetes. In: Actinomycetes (goodfellow, M.; Mordarski, M. and Williams, S. T. eds.)Academic press, London. pp 481-528.
 [5] Inbar, E.; Green, S.J.; Hadar, Y.; Minz, D. (2005). Competing factors of compost concentration and proximity to root affect the distribution.of .streptomycetes..Microb-iology Ecology. 50:73-81.
 [6] Edawrd, D. I. (1980) History of chemotherapy. In: Antimicrobial Drug Action. MacMillan press Ltd. Pp1-9.
 [7] Okami, Y. and Hotta, K.(1988). Search and discovery of new antibiotics. In: Actinomycetes in Biotechnology. Edition by Goodfellow, M.; Williams, S. T. and Mordarski, M.)Academic press, London. pp.37-67.
 [8] Bull, A. T.; Goodfellow, M. and Slater, J. H.(1992). Biodiversity as a source of innovation in biotechnology. Annu Rev. Microbiol. 46:219-252.
[9] العبیدی، ایاد محمد علی (1996). دراسة فسلجیة ووراثیة لبکتریا الستربتومایسس المنتجه لمضادات الحیویة المعزولة محلیا. اطروحة دکتوراه، کلیة العلوم-جامعة بغداد.
[10] Bourret, R. B.; Borkovich, K. A. and Simon, M. I.(1991). Cited by: Vining, L. C. (1993). Genetic and environmental control of antibiotic production. Biotechnol., London.
 
[11] Hopkins, D. W.; MacNaughton, S. J. and O'Donnell, A. G. (1991). A dispersion and differential centrifugation technique for representation sampling microorganisms from soil. Soil Biol Biochem. 23:217-225.
 [12] Ali, A. Z.; Abdelrahman, N. and Baghlaf, A. (1993). Use of data products in production of Oxytetracycline by Streptomyces rimosus. J. Biotechnol. 57:987-988.
 [13] Sircar, A.; Sridhar, P. and Das, P. K. (1998). Optimization of solid state medium for the production of clavulanic acid by streptomyces clavuligerus. Biochem.  33:283-289.
 [14] القیسی، لقاء مجید .(2001). دراسة تاثیر بعض العوامل فی نمو بکتریا الستربتومایسس وفعالیتها ضد المیکروبیة. رسالة ماجستیر، کلیة العلوم-جامعة الانبار.
 [15] الدلیمی، ثامر یوسف (2004). دراسة انتاجیة المواد الضد میکروبیة من عزلات محلیة لبکتریا الستربتومایسس باستغلال بدائل محلیة للاوساط الغذائیة. رسالة ماجستیر، کلیة العلوم-جامعة الانبار.
 [16] Egorov, N. S. (1985). Antibiotic a scientific approach. Mir publisher. Moscow.
 [17] Shirling, E. B. and Gottlieb, D. (1966). Methods for characterization of Streptomyces ssp. Int.J. Sys. Bacteriol. 16:313-340.
 [18] Kutzner, H.J. (1981). The family streptomycetaceae. In: (Starr, M. P.; Stolp, H.; Truper, H. G.; Balows, A. and Schlegal, H.G. eds.). The prokaryotes: A handbook on habitat, isolation and identification of bacteria.Springer-Verlag, berlin. Pp.2028-2089.
 [19] Stanley, T. and Williams, S. T. (1989). Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology.(Williams and Wilkins, eds.).Vol. 4. Wilkins and Williams Co., Baltimore.
 [20] Vining, L. C. (1979). Antibiotic tolerance in producer organisms. Adv. Applied Microbiol. 25:147-168.
 [21] Korkmazi, H.; Unaldi, M. N.; Aslani, B.; Coral, G.; Arikan, B.; DiNcer, S. and Colak, O. (2003). Keratinolytic activity of Streptomyces strain BA7, a new isolate from Turkey. Annals of Microbiology, Department of  Biology, Mersin, Turkey. 53, 85-93
 [22] Voget, S.; Steele, H.L. and Streit, W.R. (2006). Characterization of a metagenome-derived halotolerant cellulose. Molecular Enzyme, Journal of Biotechnology. Duisburg, Germany. 126:26–36
 [23] Kuster, E. and Neumeier, W. (1981). Halotolerance in some Streptomycetes producing tetracyclins. In: Actinomycetes (Schaal, P. K. and Pulverer, G. eds.). Guster Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, NY.pp:312-315.
  
[24] Heck, J. X.; Hertz, P. F. and Ayub, M. A. Z.(2002). Cellulase and xylanase production by isolated Amazon Bacillus strains using soya been industrial residue based Solid state cultivation. Braz. J. Microbiol., 33:213-218.
 [25] Hild´en, L., Johansson, G. (2004). Recent developments on cellulases and carbohydrate-binding modules with cellulose affinity. Biotechnol. Lett. 26: 1683–1694.
 [26] Ishaque, M. and Kluepful, D. (1980). Cellulase complex of mesophilic  Streptomyces strain. Can. J. Microbiol. 26:183-189.
 [27] Tomme, P.; Warren, R. A. and Gilkes, N. (1995). Cellulose hydrolysis by bacteria and fungi. Advances in Microbial Physiology. 37:1-81.
 [28] Semeˆdo, L.T.; Gomes, R.C.; Linhares,A.A.;..Duarte,G.F.;..Nascimento,R. P.; Rosado,A. S.; Margis-Pinheiro,M.; Margis,R.; Silva,K. R. A.; Alviano,C. S.; Manfio,G. P.; Soares,R. M.; Linhares L. F. and Coelho, R. R.(2004). Streptomyces drozdowiczii sp. nov., a novel.cellulolytic streptomycete from soil in Brazil. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 54: 1323–1328
 [29] Roberto, D.S.; Ellen, S.L.;   Carolina, W.; Mariana, M.; Youg, K.P.and Eleni, G. (2005). Production of xylanase and CMCase on solid-state fermentation in different residues by Theroascus..aurantiacus..MIEHE.Braz.J.Microbiol.:36, 235-241.
 [30] Levin, L. and Forchiassian, F. (1995). Effect of carbon and Nitrogen sources on cellulatic activity of Trametes trogii. Rev. Argent. Microbiol. 27:11-20.
 [31] Chellapandi, P.and Himanshu, M.J. (2002). Culture condition for enhanced endoglucanase production by the native strains of Streptomyces sp. International conference of SAARC countries on Biotechnology in Environment, Agriculture and Industry, Karad, India, p.80.
 [32] Harchand, R. K. and Singh, S. (1997). Characterization of cellulase complex of Streptomyces albaduncus . J. Basic. Microbiol. 37:93-103.
 [33] Chellapandi, P. and Himanshu, M. (2008). Production of endoglucanase by the native strains of Streptomyces isolates in submerged fermentation. Braz. J. Microbiol. 39:122-127.