Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Biology, College of Education for Women, University of Anbar,Anbar,Iraq

Abstract

The current study aims to study biodegradation for plastic waste as one of the ways of treatment of plastic pollution by using isolated bacterial isolates from plastic waste collection and landfill areas in the city of Ramadi and surrounding areas during different periods. Diagnosis of bacterial isolates was performed based on phenotypic and physiological tests as well as testing on the VITEK 2 system, isolates were selected that go back to the type Pseudomonas sp. and Streptomyces sp. Bacterial isolates have been studied for its ability to breakdown plastic waste used in the manufacturing of drinking bottles and shopping bags by collecting samples of plastic waste and assured they are washed and sterilized perfectly. Another experiment was conducted through a second decomposition (A carbon deficient) medium as well as the second decomposition medium contains some chemicals that are thought to help accelerate the process of decomposition. Results showed that the highest polyethylene breakdown occurred due to isolate P1 (Pseudomonas fluorescens) by the degradation rate 8.83% on the first decomposition medium and 30.5% on the second decomposition medium, while the degradation rate to isolated P4 (Streptomyces) was 4.83% on the first medium and 19% on the second medium. The genetic study results showed existence of the enzyme PETase gene on Pseudomonas fluorescens chromosome in an expected size 119bp and it was absent on plasmid.
 

 

Keywords

Main Subjects

[1] Pathak V. M., and Navneet., 2017,"Review on the current status of Polymer degradation a microbial approach". Bioprocess 4:15.
[2] Shah A.A., Hasan, F., and Hameed, A., and Ahmed, S., 2008,"Biological degradation of plastics: a comprehensive review Biotechnol Adr 26 (3):246-265.
[3] Nerland Lt., Halsband C., Allan I.,and Thomas K. V. ,2014, Micro plastics in marine environments: occurrence, distribution and effects (Re: no. 6754-2014). Norwegian institute for water Research. Oslo, PP 1-71 http:// www.miljodirektoratet. no/Documents / Publikasjoner/M319/M 319.
[4] Day U., Mondal NK., Das k.,and Dutta S., 2012, An approach to polymer degradation through Microbes. J Pharm 2: (3): 385-388.
[5] Bhatnagar S., and Kumara R., 2013,Bioremediation a sustainable tool for environmental management –a review. Ann Rev Biol.3(4):974-993.
[6] Barnes D.K. A., Francois G., Richard C. T.H. and Morton B., 2009, Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global. environments. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 364, 1985 – 1998.
[7] Webb H., Arnott J., Grawford R.,and Ivanova., (2013) Plastic degradation and its environmental implications with special reference to Poly (ethylene terephthalate) Polymers 5,1-18.
[8] Poliakoff M., Fitz Patrick J.M., farren T. R., and Anastas P.T., 2002, Green chemistry: science and politics of change, science 4: 297.
[9] Bhardwaj H., Gupta R.,and Tiwari A., (2012) microbial Population associated with Plastic Degradation Sci. Rep. 1(2): 1-4.
[10] Ushas R., Sangeetha T., and Palaniswamy M., (2011). Screening of polyethylene Degrading microorganisms from Garbage Soil Libyan Agric. Res Center J I internati 2(4): 200-204.
[11] Kyaw B.M., champakalakshmi R., Sakharkar mk., Lim C.S.,and Sakharkar k. R., 2012, Biodegradation of low density Polythene (LDPE) by Pseudomonas species. Indian J Microbial 52(3): 411-419.           
[12] Holt J. G., Krieg N. R., S Sneath P.H.A.S., Staley J. T. and Williams S. T. ,1994,. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology 9th Ed. PP. 340-400.
[13] Zimbro M. J., Power D. A., Miller S, M., Wilson G. E.,and Johnson J. A., 2003), Difco and BBL manual of microbiological culture media second Edition sparks. Maryland 21152-USA.
[14] El-shafei H.A., EL-Nasser N.H.A., Kansoh A.L., and Ali A-m. ,1998, Biodegradation of disposable of disposable polyethylene by fungi and Streptomyces species polymer Degradation and stability 62: 136-365.
[15] Sambrook J., Fritsch E and Maniatis T., 1989
 [16] Chakrabarty A.M. ,1976, Plasmids in Pseudomonas. Annu Rev. Genet; 10:7-30
 [17] Holloway B. W, Krishnapillai V. and Morgan F, A. (1979). chromosomal genetics of Pseudomonas. Microbial. Rev .43:73-102
[18] Ramos I.L., Diaz E., Dowling D., de Lorenzo V., Molin S., O’Gara F., Ramos C., and Timmis K. N.
,1994, The behavior of bacteria designed for biodegradation. Bio. Technology .12,1349-1356.
[19] Kumar A. S, 2011, Low –density polyethylene degradation by Pseudomonas sp. AKS2 biofilm. Environ Sci Pollut Rev Int; 20:4146-53
[20] Okoh, E. B., and Antanya E. I., 2014, Impacts of soil composting and poultry manure on biodegradation of polyethylene. I J A MB R 2 :18-29.
[21] Nwachkwu S., Obidi O.,and Odocha C., 2010, occurrence and recalcitrance of Polyethylene bag waste in Nigerian soils Afr. Biotechnol, 9(37) 6096-6104.
[22] Farshad S., Ranjbar R., Japoni A., Hosseini M., Anvarinejad M.,and  Mohammadzadegan R., (2012) Microbial susceptibility virulence factors and plasmid profile of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from children in Jahrom, Iran. Arch of Iranian Med Originnal Article .15(5):312-317