Document Type : Research Paper
Author
University of Baghdad-College of Science
Abstract
The prevalence of Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica/E.dispare were screened
among 513 children aged less than 12 years in Al-Shulaa and Al-Khadimya - Baghdad, to evaluate the
relationship of some factors (gender, age, grade and type of drinking water) with the prevalence of
these two intestinal protozoal parasites, this study was done during the period from the beginning of
April 2009 till the end of March 2010, in human.The study revealed that the total rate of (G.lamblia and
E. histolytica/ E.dispare) infection was (13.64%), the infectivity rate of G.lamblia was higher than the
infectivity rate of E.histolytica/ E.dispare as their rate was (10.72%) and (2.92%) respectively, and
there was no significant relation (p≤0.05) between infectivity rate of these parasites and each of gender,
age and grade (school and preschool) while there were very high significant relation between the type
of drinking water and infectivity rate of both (G.lamblia and E. histolytica/ E.dispare) the maximum
infectivity rate of (G.lamblia , E.histolytica/ E.dispare) was observed in patients who consumed tap
water (17.56%) while patient who consumed the other kind of drinking water showed the minimum
infectivity rate which was (3.49%).
Keywords
Main Subjects
- Thapar, N.and Sanderson, I.R.(2004).Diarrhoea in children: an interface between developing and developed countries. Lancet. 363:641-653.
- World Health Organization. (1987).Prevention and control of intestinal parasitic infections. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep; 749: 1-86.
- Saksirisampant, W.; Prownebon, J.; Kanmarnee, P.;Thaisom, S.; Yenthakam, S. and Nuchprayoon S. ( 2004).Prevalence of parasitism among students of the Karen hill-tribe in Mae Chame district, Chiang Mai province, Thailand. J. Med. Assoc. Thai.; 87 (Suppl 2): S278-83.
- Aranda-Michel, J. and Giannella, R.A.(1999).Acute diarrhea: a practical review".Am. J. Med., 106, 670-676.
- Cook, G. C. (1995).Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia Infections Current Diagnostic. Strategies, J. Parasitol., 2(2):107-112.
- John, D.T. and Petri(2006). Medical Parasitology 9th edition. Elsevier Inc. USA, 463
- Trol,H.H. and Weiss,N.(1997). Somple differential detection of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in fresh stool speciments by sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin concentration and CR.J.Clin.Microbiol.J.Clin.Microbiol.35:1701-1705.
- Stanley,.L.(2003). Amoebiasis. The Lancet.361: 1025-1034.
- Carey, C.M. ; Lee, H. and Trevors, J.T.(2004). Biology, persistence and detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis oocyst.Water Res. 38: 818–862.
10. محمد, عبد الوهاب بدیوی (2009). دراسة انتشار الطفیلیات المعویة فی المرضى المراجعین لبعض مستشفیات بغداد".مجلة جامعة الأنبار للعلوم الصرفة .3(2): 1-11 .
11. Atia, A.M. (2009).Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Children and Young Patients in Alexanderia Nahia,Al-Taqani.22(2),112-117.
12. Sa'el, Y.K. (2009). Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Children in Baghdad City. Al-Taqani. 22(2):32-37.
13. Ettehad, G.H. ; Daryani, A. and Nemati, A.(2010). Effect of Giardia Infection on Nutritional Status in Primary Schoolchildren, in North west Iran.Pak.J.Biol.Sci.13(5):229-234.
14. Norhayati, M.;Fatmah,M.S.; Yusof, S. and Edariah ,A.B.(2003).Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Man: a review Med. J. Malaysia, 58(2): 296-305.
15. Shrestha, B. (2001). Intestinal Parasitic Infestation in Health School Children in Lalitpur District.JNMA.41:266-270.
16. Tasawar, Z. ; Kausar, S. and Lashari, S. (2010). Prevalence of E.histolytica in Humans. Pak.J.Pharm.Sci. 23(3):344-348.
17. Al-Saeed, A.T. and Issa, S.H. (2006). Frequency of Giardia lamblia among Children in Dohuk, Northern Iraq. East.Med.Health.J.12(5):555-561.
18. Klein, S. L. (2004). Hormonal and Immunological Mechanisms Mediating Sex Differences in Parasite Infection. Parasites Immunol.26:247-264.
19. Yassin, M.M; Shubair, M.E; Al-Hindi, A.I; and Jadallah, S.Y. (1999), Prevalence of intestinal parasites among school children in Gaza city Gaza strip. J.Egypt. Soc. Parasitol, 29 (2): 365-373.
20. Mercado, R.; Otto, J.P. and Perez, M. (1999).Seasonal variation of intestinal protozoa infection in outpatients of the north section of Santiago, Chile, 1995–1996]. Boletin chileno de parasitollogia,, 54(1–2):41–4.
21. Kia, E.B.; Hosseini, M.;Meamar, A.R. and Rezaein, M.(2008). Study of Intestinal Protozoan Parasites in Rural Inhabitants of Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran. Iranian J.Parasitol.3(1):21-25.
22. Mohammed, M.T. ; Zeib, I.A. and Shwick, R.(2009). Epedimiological Study of Giardiasis among Children Under Five Years of Age. Al-Taqani. 22(2):128-135.
23. Ouattara M; N.’Gue´ssan, N.A; Yapi A and N’Goran, E.K. (2010) Prevalence and Spatial Distribution of Entamoeba histolytica/dispar and Giardia lamblia among Schoolchildren in Agboville Area . PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4(1): 574-580.
24. Chalmers,R.M. ; Elwin, K. ; Thomas, A.L. ; Guy, E.C. and Mason.B. (2009).Long Term Cryptosporidium Typing Reveals The Aetiology and Specices- Specific Epedimiology of human Cryptosporidiosis in England and Wales,2000 to 2003. Eurosuveillance.14(2):1-9.
25. Hadi, A.M. and Faraj,A.A.(2008). Distribution of Intestinal Parasites in Drinking Water in Some Regions in Baghdad.Al-Qadisiya" Journal of Vet.Med.Sci.,77(2):33-36.
26. Smith, H.V. ; Caccio, S.M. ; Cook, N. ; Nichols, R.A.B. and Tait, A.(2007).Cryptosporidium and Giardia as foodborne zoonoses",Vet. Parasitol,149:29-40.
27. Sukprasert, S. ; Rattaprasert, P.; Hamzah, Z. ; Shipin, O.V. and Petmitr,P.C. (2008). PCR Detection of Entamoeba spp from Surface and Waste and Water Samples Using Genus- specific Primers" .SouthEast Asian J.Trop.Med.Public Health,39:6-9.
28. Cloete, T.E. ; Rose, L.H. and Ford, T.(2004). Microbial Waterborne Pathogen".IWA Publishing., UK.256 .
)
