Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 University of Anbar - College of Agriculture

2 University of Anbar - Center for Desert Studies

3 Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research - Research and Development Department

Abstract

Two factorial experiments were conducted the first in the laboratory and the second in the green house according to complete randomized block design with three replicates, to study the effect of five levels of irrigation water varying in the electrical conductivity there are 1.4, 2.7, 4.1, 5.2 and 6.8 dS.m-1(W1, W2, W3, W4 and W5) respectively, on the germination and growth of three species of medicinal plants are coriander Coriandrum sativum L., cumin Nigella sativa L. and anise Pimpinella anisum L.(C, N and P) respectively, K+/Na+ ratio in plant tissue and salinity sensitivity rate index(Is) after three months from sowing plus to following soil salinity development as result to studied irrigation water used. The results showed highly significant differences were observed in germination degree, also the increasing in salinity of irrigation water was reduced the germination speed for all studied plant species, with superiority the anise and coriander in resistance to irrigation water salinity increasing in comparison with cumin which showed less salt tolerance. The results of greenhouse experiment showed same effected for irrigation water salinity on germination, also plants growth in the soil but with less degree on the studied species in comparison with laboratory experiment. W5 treatment showed the irrigation water salinity threshold for coriander associated with lower value for K+/Na+ ratio if we used this type of water to plants irrigation, with significant increasing in soil salinity.

Main Subjects

1- أسماعیل، اکرم عثمان. (1986). تحدید صلاحیة بعض المیاه الجوفیة فی سهل أربیل للاستخدامات المختلفة. رسالة ماجستیر-کلیة الزراعة - جامعة صلاح الدین.
2- ألبیاتی، علی حسین وسلام زکی الزوبعی. (2004). تأثیر ملوحة میاه الری على إنبات ونمو بادرات بعض أصناف زهرة الشمس Helianthus annus L. .
3- الرجیو، عبد الستار اسمیر جاسم. (1991). دراسات عن تحمل الملوحة لاربعة تراکیب وراثیة من الحنطة .أطروحة دکتوراه. کلیة العلوم- جامعة بغداد.
4- الزبیدی، احمد حیدر. (1989). ملوحة التربة – الأسس النظریة والتطبیقیة . مطبعة التعلیم العالی – بغداد .
 5- جزدان، عمر. (2008) العملیات الزراعیة المواکبة لاستعمال المیاه المالحة فی الری الزراعی، الدورة التدریبیة حول تقانات الزراعة الملحیة فی الوطن العربی.2008/1/10-6 مصراتة – الجماهیریة اللیبیة.
6- جزدان، عمر وعمر عبد الرزاق ورفیق صالح. (2010). تأثیر نوعیة میاه الری فی بعض خصائص تربة حوض الفرات الادنى وفی أنتاجیة الکمون. المجلة العربیة للبیئات الجافة.3(1):20-36.
7- حسین، محمد موسى محمد وآمال عبدالعزیزحجاج. (2010). تأثیر فترات الری وترکیز الملوحة على النمو والترکیب الکیمیائی لنبات Asclepias Curassavisa . معهد البحوث الزراعیة – الجیزة – جمهوریة مصر
 العربیة .(C.F.Internet) .
8- غلیم، جلیل ضمد. (1997). الأدلة المقترحة لتقییم نوعیة میاه الری فی العراق. الاتجاهات النظریة التطبیقیة – أطروحة دکتوراه – کلیة الزراعة – جامعة البصرة .
9- Ali, B.H., and Blunden, G., (2003). Pharmacological and toxicological properties of  Nigella sativa L. Phototherapy Research: PTR,17(4):299-305.
10- Al-Jibury,l., and M. D. Talabani, (1976). Studies on the combined effects of salt mixtures and osmotic stress on the germ inability  and emergence of four oil Crops. Tech. Bul.No. (93). Sci. Res. Foundation Board of planning Iraq.
11- Ayers, R.S., D.W. Westcot, (1989). Water quality for agriculture. F.A.O. irrigation and  drainage paper. 29 Rev. 1 p8. Rome.
12- Atta, M.B., (2003). Some characteristics of Nigella ( Nigella sativa L.) seed  cultivated in Egypt and its Lipid profile. Food Chemistry,83: 63-68.
13- Chapman, H.D. and P.F. Pratt, (1961). Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. Univ. of  California.  Division of agricultural Sciences.
14- Francois, L.E., and L.C. Bernstein,(1964). Salt tolerance of sunflower. Agric. J. Vol. 56:No.1:38 – 40.
15- Glenn, E.P., M. Olsen, D. Moore and S. Miyamoto, (1994). How much sodium accumulation in necessary for salt tolerance in subspecies of the halophyte Atriplex canescens L. Plant Cell and  Environment. 17, 711-719.
16- Gorham, J., (1992). Salt tolerance of plants. Science Progrees. 76: 273-286.
17- Hajji, M., M. Lachaal, M. Soltani, and C. Abdelly, (1999). Response of the plant to saline  stress: Eco-physiologic and Biochemical aspects of the tolerance to salt in annual  meeting of the EUCA, Sustainable utilization of   Halophytes. Agadir 5 to 15 April.
18- Kovda, V. A., (1979). Introductory report of irrigation and soil salinity (USSR).  Academy of scientific research and Technology  Cairo, Egypt.
19- Mokhtar, R.,V.A. Mohamed, G. Arbi, and Mohamed, (2006). Effect of  NaCl on the growth  and the ionic balance K+/Na+ of two  populations of Lotus creticus                    L.(Papilionaceal).Lotus ewsletter.Vol.36 (2), 34-53.
20- Morgan, J. M., R.A. Hane, and R.J. Fletcher, (1986). Genetic variation in osmoregulation in Head, drum wheat's and its relationship to grain yield in arrange of field environments.  Aus. J. Agric. Res.  37: 449 – 457.
21- Nieman, R.H., (1965). Expansion of bean leaves and its suppression by salinity. Plant
     physical. 40:156-161.
22- Ocrutt, D.M. and E.T. Nilson, (2000). The physiology of plant under strees. John wiley and  Sons. New York.
23- Richards, L.D., (1954). Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils                   U.S. Salinity laboratory staff. Agr. Handbook No. 60.
24- Sanchez–Blanco, M.J., Morales, M.A., Torrecillas, A., A. J.J.larcon, (1998). Diurnal and seasonal oncotic potential changes in lotus creticus plants grown under saline stress. Plant Science. 136, 1 – 10.
25-  Serraj, R., H. Diaz and J. Drevon, 1998. Effect of salts stress on nitrogen fixation in
        soybean, common bean and alfalfa. Nutr. 21(3), 475-488.
26- Strogonov, B.P., (1974). Physiological basis of salt tolerance of plants. Alsad. Nauls. SSSR.(C.F.Internat ).
27- Wilcox, L.V., G.Y.Blair, and C.A.Bower,(1954). Effect of bicarbonate on suitability of water for  irrigation. Soil Sci.77: 259-266.